Why is smoking considered harmful? Is nicotine the real cause?
Nicotine is addictive and not risk-free, but - contrary to what many believe - experts agree that nicotine itself is not the primary cause of smoking-related diseases.
Gizelle Baker.
It is the chronic exposure to the toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke that are generated when tobacco is burned that cause disease.
When a cigarette is lit, the tobacco combusts (burns) generating a smoke, that contains thousands of chemicals, many of which are toxic and known to cause disease. Once the tobacco is ignited, the combustion is a self-sustaining process that will continue to burn as long as there is tobacco (fuel) and oxygen available. Public health authorities have classified these toxicants in the smoke as the primary cause of smoking-related diseases, such as lung cancer, heart disease and emphysema.
Despite being aware of the evident health risks, many smokers continue to smoke cigarettes. Currently, there are over one billion smokers worldwide, and it is estimated that this number will not change significantly in the coming years. Quitting smoking - or better yet, never starting - is without doubt the best option to reduce the risk of smoke-related diseases. But, for those smokers who will continue smoking, technology has now made it possible to produce smoke-free alternatives, which are less harmful than cigarettes.
Tremendous progress has already been made in moving towards a smoke-free future. Philip Morris International (PMI) is building a future on a new category of smoke-free products that, while not risk-free, are a much better choice than continuing to smoke cigarettes. Since 2008, PMI has invested over USD 10.7 billion in the science and research of developing and accessing smoke-free products. Through their multidisciplinary capabilities in product development, state-of-the-art facilities and scientific substantiation, PMI aims to ensure that its smoke-free products meet adult consumer preferences and rigorous regulatory requirements. PMI’s smoke-free product portfolio includes heated tobacco products and nicotine-containing vapor products.
In 2022, 73 percent of PMI’s commercial efforts and 99 percent of their R&D expenditures were dedicated to smoke-free products. PMI aims to have smoke-free products account for 30 percent of its shipping volumes by 2025, which means approximately 40 million adult smokers switching to these products. As of March 31, 2023, PMI’s smoke-free products were available for sale in 78 markets, and PMI estimates that approximately 18.5 million adults around the world had already switched to IQOS and stopped smoking.
Dr Gizelle S Baker, VP of Global Scientific Engagement at PMI, explains: “This is a transformation that is happening within each country. We need researchers, healthcare professionals, policy experts, governments, the industry and media to work together to ensure adult smokers have access to and accurate information about different products so they can make informed decisions about their health, relative to continued smoking.”
She adds: “We need to find ways to encourage and incentivize innovation in the development and scientific assessment of less harmful products. It is also important to implement regulatory frameworks that recognize that not all tobacco products are the same. This would maximize the number of adult smokers who switch to better alternatives and stop smoking, at the same time minimizing the number of youth and non-smokers exposed to nicotine-containing products.”
Today, a future in which cigarettes are obsolete is within reach. In fact, with the right regulatory encouragement and support from civil society, cigarette sales could even end within 10 to 15 years in many countries. Effective policies and regulation should allow smokers access to scientifically substantiated smoke-free products. They should also enable smokers to make informed choices based on accurate information about these products.
Sponsored by Philip Morris Management Services (Middle East) Limited.
